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The Policy Control Enforcement Direction configuration at the VRF changes where policy is enforced for a contract between an L3Out EPG and an EPG. With ESGs you can simplify the security configuration by moving the contracts configuration to the ESGs instead of to the EPGs. Unless the configuration options are specifically mentioned, examples and behaviors explained in this document are based on the default configuration: Apply Both Directions: The filter protocol and the source and destination ports are deployed exactly as defined for both consumer-to-provider and provider-to-consumer directions. The L3ext classification is designed for hosts multiple hops away. You can find more information at this link: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/aci/apic/sw/kb/b_Cisco_APIC_Forwarding_Scale_Profile_Policy.pdf. The use of symmetric PBR mandates that the service nodes be deployed in routed mode only. However, increasing the number of controllers increases control-plane scalability. Open navigation menu . Per EPG configuration is at Tenant > Application Profiles > Application_Profile_name > Application EPGs > Consumer_EPG_name or Provider_EPG_name > Policy > Subject Labels or EPG Labels. Switches connected to different EPGs in the same bridge domain. Figure 62 illustrates the various QoS options. This section explains contracts and filtering rule (or zoning rule) priorities. This section explains the following filter entry configuration options. Deploying a VMM policy such as VLAN on ACI leaf switch requires APIC to collect CDP/LLDP information from both hypervisors via VM controller and ACI leaf switch. The L3Out EPG configuration location is at Tenant > Networking > L3Outs > L3Out_name > External EPGs > L3Out_EPG_name. No IP address is assigned for this interface. Number of uSeg EPGs (IP-based or MAC based): 4000 per leaf (tested with 500 base EPGs per leaf). The receiving spine node adds the information to the COOP database and synchronizes it to all the other local spine nodes. Other Labels: EPG Labels and Subject Labels at the consumer EPG and Contract Labels at the consumer EPG are not applicable. This section covers frequently asked questions. Dual-Fabric design represents a disjointed domain from a policy perspective, as there is the requirement to reclassify endpoint traffic (Layer 2 or Layer 3) at the point of entrance of each ACI fabric and to ensure the same configuration is created in each APIC domain for providing a consistent end-to-end policy application. When connecting to an existing Layer 2 network, you should consider deploying a bridge domain in flood-and-learn mode. For all other virtual machines, use of the On-Demand option saves hardware resources. With second-generation Cisco ACI leaf switches, Cisco ACI uses ARP packets information as follows: If the ARP packet is destined for the bridge domain subnet IP address, Cisco ACI learns the endpoint MAC address from the payload of the ARP packet. Policy Control Enforcement Direction (ingress or egress enforcement). For example, for LLDP configuration, it is highly recommended that you configure two policies, titled LLDP_Enabled and LLDP_Disabled or something similar, and use these policies when either enabling or disabling LLDP. Using Cisco NAE to manage policy-cam utilization. This usually does not represent a concern, given the very low latency and available bandwidth between Pods deployed in the same physical DC location. 6 based on the CoS value in the outer IP header of inter-pod iVXLAN traffic. Border leaf switches can be configured with three types of interfaces to connect to an external router: Subinterface with IEEE 802.1Q tagging. Permit and flood the unknown unicast traffic on the ingress leaf and enforce the policy on the egress leaf. CDP uses the usual Cisco CDP timers with an interval of 60s and a holdtime of 120s. All the leaf and spine switches are in one single BGP autonomous system (including all of the pods in a Cisco ACI Multi-Pod deployment). The spine sends a control plane message to Leaf 4 as it was the old known location for EP2. The following table compares the option to disable Remote Endpoint (EP) Learning globally with the per-BD configuration and the per-VRF configuration. Check the EPG classification for the traffic to confirm that the traffic arrives on the leaf, and that the expected policy is enforced. A unique multicast group is associated to each defined Bridge Domain and takes the name of Bridge Domain Group IPouter (BD GIPo). The leaf is configured to send unknown destination IP traffic to the spine-proxy node by installing a subnet route for the bridge domain on the leaf and pointing to the spine-proxy TEP for this bridge domain subnet. This is the default behavior and is shown in Figure 31. This is to permit traffic from pervasive routes such as BD SVI and L3Out logical interface subnet to any. Cisco ACI maintains a mapping database containing information about where (that is, on which TEP) endpoints MAC and IP addresses reside. This configuration is illustrated in Figure 23. The document specifically focuses on stateful firewalls. Rogue endpoint control does not stop a L2 loop, but it provides mitigation of the impact of a loop on the COOP control plane by quarantining the endpoints. Configuring the global setting Enforce Domain validation helps ensure that the fabric-access domain configuration and the EPG configurations are correct in terms of VLANs, thus preventing configuration mistakes. The highlighted lines are the ones related to the preferred group configuration. You can configure BFD on IS-IS via Fabric Policies, Interface Polices, Policies, and L3 Interface. You should just give fabric-id 1, unless there is some specific reason not to (for instance, if you plan to use GOLF with Auto-RT, and all sites belong to the same ASN). Traffic storm control can behave differently depending on the flood settings configured at the bridge domain level. Starting with Cisco ACI Release 3.1(2), this can be changed to 9216 bytes; the setting takes effect when you configure EPG binding to a port. VRFs in the common tenant and bridge domains in user tenants. This allows connecting firewall nodes deployed in routed mode between the Border Leaf nodes and the external WAN edge routers. This updates the mapping database for both the MAC address and the IP address of the endpoint. The target cluster size is decreased. In Cisco ACI terminology, the IP address that represents the leaf VTEP is called the Physical Tunnel Endpoint (PTEP). You can tune the user configurable qos-groups configurations from the Fabric Access Policies > Policies > Global Policies > QOS Class (please see Figure 16). Note: Reusing the same contract across multiple EPGs without understanding the resulting zoning rules can result in flows that are allowed unexpectedly. Note: You can find information about Multi-Site hardware requirements at this link: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/aci/aci_multi-site/sw/2x/hardware-requirements/Cisco-ACI-Multi-Site-Hardware-Requirements-Guide-201.html. Summarization in Cisco ACI has the following characteristics: Route summarization occurs from the border leaf switches. For instance, you could have first-generation hardware leaf nodes and new-generation hardware spines, or vice versa. As a consequence, and similarly to a single Pod ACI deployment, it is possible to make changes that apply to a very large number of leafs and ports, even belonging to separate Pods. This process maintains an appliance vector, which provides mapping from an APIC ID to an APIC IP address and a universally unique identifier (UUID) for the APIC. In the example, EPG Client, Web, and App are consuming the same contract, which allows SSH traffic. The policies related to the uSeg EPG are downloaded to all of the leaf nodes that have CDP/LLDP neighborship with an ESXi host attached to the vDS if at least one virtual machine vNIC is associated with a base EPG in the same BD with the uSeg EPG. Note: With releases prior to Cisco ACI 4.0 the MP-BGP EVNP solution also offered the advantage of being able to announce host routes to the outside. Consider the example shown in Figure 24. This is automatically added in the consumer VRF to deny traffic from the provider EPG to any EPG in the consumer VRF unless a contract is configured. Even if Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping is on, the multicast is flooded on the ports in the same encapsulation, the scope of the flooding is dependent on IGMP reports received per leaf. Other features help minimize the impact of loops on the fabric itself: Control Plane Policing per interface per protocol (CoPP) endpoint move dampening, endpoint loop detection, and rogue endpoint control. Figures 158 and 159 summarize the required configurations in tenant1. Contract and contract subject options (GUI). BGP route reflectors are deployed to support a large number of leaf switches within a single fabric. The configuration location is at Tenant > Services > L4-L7 > Service Graph Templates > Service_Graph_Template_name > Policy > Connections. The infrastructure VLAN is also used to extend the Cisco ACI fabric to another device. If you need to apply the same security configuration to all the EPGs of a VRF, then vzAny is the better configuration choice, but if you need to apply the same set of contracts to a subset of the EPGs in the VRF, the use of Master EPG can be useful. Instead, Web EPG can talk to App EPG because the administrator configures a specific contract between the two EPGs, and this contract has a higher priority than the implicit deny rules programmed for the preferred group. If dot1p preserve is configured, the incoming traffic is assigned to the QoS group or level based on the EPG configuration, but the original CoS is maintained across the fabric. Two are for redirect actions between the consumer and provider EPGs (Rule IDs 4225 and 4248): The traffic from Web EPG (32775) to App EPG (32774) is redirected to destgrp-4 (the consumer side of the service node). The ingress policy enforcement feature improves policy CAM utilization on the border leaf nodes by distributing the filtering function across all regular leaf nodes, but it distributes the programming of the L3ext entries on all the leafs. The receiving spine adds the endpoint information to the COOP database and synchronizes the information to all the other local spines. This is normally easy to achieve in a network-centric design because there is only one EPG per BD. Part of the L3Out configuration involves also defining an external network (also known as an external EPG) for the purpose of access-list filtering. The classification of the endpoints in ESGs is similar to the uSeg EPG configuration. Whereas consumer EPG classification is done at the consumer VRF just like with intra-VRF contracts, the derivation of the provider EPG class ID from the consumer VRF is based on looking up the subnet, because the consumer VRF always need to enforce policy regardless of the endpoints learning status. Hardware proxy for Layer 2 unknown unicast traffic is the default option. Figure 80 shows the configuration. You can limit the impact of TCN BPDUs on the mapping database by doing one of two things: If the external network connects to Cisco ACI in an intrinsically loop-free way (for example, via a single vPC), you can consider filtering BPDUs from the external network. First, since the IPN devices are external to the ACI fabric and are hence not managed by APIC, in many cases it may not be possible to assume that the 802.1p values are properly preserved across the IPN network. FI-6200/FI-6332/FI-6332-16UP/FI-6324: 4030-4047. In order to allow servers in the EPGs outside of the Preferred Group to send traffic to EPGs in the Preferred Group, you need to configure a contract between the EPGs. This configuration controls whether the ACL filtering performed by contracts that are configured between L3ext and EPGs is implemented on the leaf where the endpoint is or on the border leaf. The space required for EPG pairs and labels is much less than a full entry programmed with EPG class IDs and filters. The decision on what approach to follow depends on several factors, including operational model choice, need for automation and availability of a device package for the device of choice. You should use the verified scalability limits for the latest Cisco ACI release and see how many endpoints can be used per fabric: According to the verified scalability limits, the following spine configurations have these endpoint scalabilities: Max. This option is useful if you have to select Route Control Enforcement Input to then configure action rule profiles (to set BGP options, for instance), in which case you would then have to explicitly allow BGP routes by listing each one of them with Import Route Control Subnet. The trailing -E and -X signify the following: -E: Enhanced. You can configure EPG-to-EPG specific contracts that have higher priority than the vzAny with redirect to allow, for instance, backup traffic directly via the Cisco ACI fabric without sending it to a firewall. Cisco ACI offers the following features to limit the amount of flooding in the bridge domain: Flood in Encapsulation, which is designed to scope the flooding domains to EPG/VLANs, Hardware-proxy, which is, instead, focused on optimizing flooding for unknown unicast traffic while keeping the bridge domain as the flooding domain for other multidestination traffic. Note: When using vzAny with shared services contracts, vzAny is supported only as a shared services consumer, not as a shared services provider. A domain is used to define the scope of VLANs in the Cisco ACI fabric: in other words, where and how a VLAN pool will be used. The filter contains the protocol information and L4 ports that the rule will match against. For consumer EPGs of inter-tenant contracts, the contract needs to be exported to the consumer tenant unless the contract is in common tenant. How trarffic reaches the ACL leaf for intra Ext-EPG enforcement is outside of ACIs control. Policy deployment immediacy is configurable for EPGs. If you define another ESG for shared services, this ESG is also available for any bridge domain under the same VRF. If no activity occurs on an endpoint, the endpoint information is aged out dynamically based on the setting on an idle timer. Cisco's release of ACI is the SDN solution to automate networking moves, additions and changes in the data center. L4 source port is considered less specific than the L4 destination port: TCAM configuration, Table 14. Object configuration for multiple tenants: If you need to configure objects to be used by multiple tenants, you should configure them in the common tenant, but make sure you understand how object names are resolved and the use of contracts with global scope. Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switches (EX platform or newer), used as leaf nodes, would then apply the symmetric PBR policy, selecting one of the available nodes for the two directions of each given traffic flow (based on hashing). Note that the spines serial number is added as a TLV of the DHCP request sent at the step above, so the receiving APIC can add this information to its Fabric Membership table. Contracts and filters validated scalability limits. When specifying subnets under a bridge domain for a given tenant, you can specify the scope of the subnet: Advertised Externally: This subnet is advertised to the external router by the border leaf. The creation of multiple Pods could be driven, for example, by the existence of a specific cabling layout already in place inside the data center. OperSt: the operating state of the rule. However, the strong recommendation is not to assign overlapping TEP pools across separate sites so that your system is prepared for future functions that may require the exchange of TEP pool summary prefixes.. The following list provides a few additional important points about the filter-reuse compression feature: A contract can include both filters with compression enabled, and filters without compression enabled. In light of this, at the time of this writing you should connect hosts using an aggregate of EPGs and bridge domains higher than 3960 to multiple leafs. If Optimized Flood is configured and a leaf receives traffic for a multicast group for which it has received an IGMP report, the traffic is sent only to the ports where the IGMP report was received. Without a contract between EPGs, no unicast communication is possible between those EPGs unless the VRF is configured in unenforced mode or those EPGs are in a preferred group. As with the other EPGs under Application Profiles, the L3Out EPG belongs to a VRF, and the L3Out EPG can be part of a preferred group, and vzAny also includes the L3Out EPG. AVE doesnt enforce policy. Allow Micro-Segmentation is not checked by default. At the same time, because of the existence of a single active service node connected to the Multi-Pod fabric, this option has certain traffic-path inefficiencies, because by design some traffic flows will hair-pin across the Interpod Network (IPN). This refers to the ability of the switch to classify traffic into endpoint groups (EPGs) based on the source IP address of the incoming traffic. Maximize application uptime and avoid single points of failure. Support for analytics: Although this capability is primarily a leaf function and it may not be necessary in the spine, in the future there may be features that use this capability in the spine. Therefore, Cisco ACI relies to a certain degree on the loop-prevention capabilities of external devices. Looking at the policy-cam programming helps understanding how configurations based on vzAny are translated into the hardware. Aggregate Import: This allows the user to import all the BGP routes without having to list each individual prefix and length. This is because a mistake in such configuration would likely affect all the other Tenants deployed on the fabric. The red-highlighted lines are created because of the service graph. The first step consists in troubleshooting routing, bridging, and endpoint learning as described in the ACI troubleshooting guide. Adding the log option to contract filter rules enables troubleshooting at the Tenant level, but it requires adding the log configuration to policy-cam rules and logging packets to the CPU: this requires extra configurations, and does not provide accurate counters (please see the section Log for details). This is what the default configuration Apply Both Directions and Reverse Filter Ports does: The Apply Both Directions option is to apply the contract filter (in this example, it is the filter for TCP with destination port 22) on both consumer-to-provider and provider-to-consumer directions. This is achieved by running separate instances of fabric control planes (IS-IS, COOP, MP-BGP) across Pods. In most cases, you can optimize flooding by using hardware-proxy, by keeping IP routing enabled, and a subnet configured in the bridge domain. L4 port ranges in traditional hardware have been a source of scalability concerns because they would be using some limited hardware resources (called Logical Operation Units [LOUs]), and then, once the hardware limit was exceeded, the range would be expanded into multiple entries, thus taking a significant amount of space in the TCAM. The zoning rule that includes the consumer EPG class ID uses the filter defined based on the filter used in the contract subject (Rule IDs 4246 and 4247). An EPG can be added/removed to/from the preferred group. This is possible because in Cisco ACI, more specific EPG-to-EPG rules have priority over the vzAny-to-vzAny rule. Even if the various Pods are managed and operated as a single distributed fabric, Multi-Pod offers the capability of increasing failure domain isolation across Pods through separation of the fabric control plane protocols. A uSeg EPG classifies endpoints of a given BD based on the IP/MAC address or VM attributes of the endpoints instead of the VLAN/VXLAN and interface. When a failover happens, the newly active interface uses its own MAC address to send traffic. Surface Studio vs iMac - Which Should You Pick? You can explore the content of the mapping database by opening the GUI to Fabric > Inventory > Spine > Protocols, COOP > End Point Database. You could also configure the VRF instance for egress policy by selecting the Policy Control Enforcement Direction option Egress under Tenants > Networking > VRFs. Limit IP Learning to Subnet: If this option is selected, the fabric does not learn IP addresses from a subnet other than the one configured on the bridge domain. , Cisco ACI terminology, the newly active interface uses its own MAC address and the external WAN edge.. App are consuming the same VRF the L3ext classification is designed for hosts multiple hops away Service_Graph_Template_name policy. 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